1.<\/p>\n
\u6211\u60f3\u6211\u4f1a\u6c38\u8fdc\u8bb0\u4f4f\u90a3\u4e00\u5929\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u7684\u6211\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\uff0c\u5929\u771f\uff0c\u6000\u63e3\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6ee1\u6000\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u4e0e\u521d\u604b\u7684\u9690\u9690\u4f24\u75db\uff0c\u767b\u4e0a\u4e86\u4ece\u4e0a\u6d77\u5230\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u98de\u673a\u3002\u90a3\u5341\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u5165\u7720\uff0c\u770b\u7740 \u8231\u7a97\u5916\u7684\u4e91\u6d77\u6e3a\u7136\uff0c\u60f3\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u5fc3\u4e2d\u6a21\u7cca\u7740\u5bf9\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u79bb\u53bb\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u957f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5343\u91cc\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fc7\u7740\u56ca\u4e2d\u7f9e\u6da9\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u5fd9\u788c\u4e5f\u5145\u5b9e\uff0c\u5076\u5c14\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6536\u56de\u5fc3\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6211\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u79d1\u5b66\uff1f\u6211\u771f\u7684\u60f3\u8981\u4ee5\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3a\u804c\u4e1a\u4e48\uff1f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u767d\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u4e2a\u667a\u5546\u60c5\u5546\u90fd\u4e0d\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u4e9a\u88d4\u59d1\u5a18\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u4e0a\u8d70\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e48\uff1f\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u5973\u6027\u90fd\u8d70\u4e0d\u5b8c\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u6211 \u60f3\u6211\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f97\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u591c\u8272\u5982\u6c34\u3002\u5ba4\u53cb\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5bbf\u820d\u91cc\u5f00party\uff0c\u4eba\u58f0\u9f0e\u6cb8\u9152\u6c14\u51b2\u5929\u3002\u6211\u8eb2\u8fdb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u623f\u95f4\u91cc\u7ed9\u5bb6\u91cc\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u544a\u8bc9\u5988\u5988\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u53bb \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u8bfb\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u6211\u5988\u60ca\u8bb6\u4e0d\u5df2\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u5927\u6d0b\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5b09\u95f9\u58f0\u4e0e\u6253\u60c5\u9a82\u4fcf\u58f0\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u91cc\u663e\u5f97\u683c\u5916\u7a81\u5140\uff1a\u4f60\u8981\u505a\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n
2.<\/p>\n
1891\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u7f8e\u8c8c\u5c1a\u4e3a\u5355\u8eab\u7684\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u54e6\uff0c\u5979\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u53eb\u739b\u4e3d.\u65af\u53ef\u6d1b\u591a\u592b\u65af\u5361\uff08MariaSk\u0142odowska\uff09\u2014\u2014\u79bb\u5f00\u7956\u56fd\u6ce2\u5170\uff0c\u6765\u5230\u5df4\u9ece\u7d22 \u90a6\u5927\u5b66\u6c42\u5b66\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u957f\u8f88\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u52a8\u8361\u4e2d\u5bb6\u8d22\u6563\u5c3d\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u53c8\u56e0\u75c5\u65e9\u901d\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u5bb6\u5883\u5df2\u6f66\u5012\u3002\u5979\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e0e\u59d0\u59d0\u5546\u5b9a\uff1a\u5148\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e24\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f9b\u59d0\u59d0\u5230\u5df4\u9ece\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u59d0\u59d0\u62ff \u5230\u5b66\u4f4d\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u4f9b\u517b\u5979\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u739b\u4e3d\u5bc4\u4eba\u7bf1\u4e0b\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u51e0\u5e74\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u624d\u6765\u5230\u5df4\u9ece\u5b66\u4e60\u7269\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u65f6\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u79bb\u6101\u522b\u7eea\u91cc\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u4e5f\u5e26\u7740\u521d\u604b\u7684\u9690\u75db\u3002\u5979\u66fe \u7ecf\u4e0e\u5979\u5bb6\u6559\u5bb6\u5ead\u91cc\u7684\u5c11\u7237\u4f50\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa\uff08Kazimierz \u017borawski\uff09\u76f8\u604b\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u82f1\u4fca\u806a\u660e\uff0c\u65e5\u540e\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u8457\u540d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5c0f\u5f00\uff0c\u4e0e\u739b\u4e3d\u5bb6\u5ead\u6709\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f46\u4f50\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u5e76\u77a7\u4e0d\u4e0a\u739b\u4e3d\u8fd9\u5bb6\u7a77\u4eb2\u621a\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6bb5\u604b\u60c5\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd \u5bf9\u3002\u739b\u4e3d\u56e0\u6b64\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u540e\u6536\u5230 \u4f50\u62c9\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u5206\u624b\u4fe1\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u624d\u6536\u62fe\u7740\u7834\u788e\u7684\u5fc3\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u7956\u56fd\u3002\u201c\u90a3\u6bb5\u65e5\u5b50\u975e\u5e38\u96be\u6328\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u6700\u96be\u8fc7\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u60df\u4e00\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u56de\u5fc6\u8d77\u6765\u8fd8\u582a\u544a \u6170\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4f9d\u7136\u9ad8\u62ac\u7740\u5934\uff0c\u5149\u8363\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u201d\u5982\u4eca\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u611f\u8c22\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u604b\u60c5\u4e48\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u739b\u4e3d\u4e0d\u66fe\u79bb\u5f00\u6ce2\u5170\uff0c\u4e0d\u66fe\u89c1\u5230\u5979\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u4f34\u4fa3\u2014\u2014\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14.\u5c45\u91cc \uff08Pierre Curie\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u4e0e\u739b\u4e3d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5171\u540c\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u6837\u70ed\u7231\u957f\u9014\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u9a91\u811a\u8e0f\u8f66\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u5f53\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u8fdb\u5165\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fd8\u5e26\u7740\u65e7\u65e5\u604b\u60c5\u7684\u9634\u5f71\uff0c\u75f4\u5fc3\u60f3\u5e26\u7740\u7d22\u90a6\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f4d\u5b66\u6210\u56de\u56fd\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u6c42\u804c\u53d7\u632b\uff0c\u5979\u4e5f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u4e0e\u739b\u4e3d\u6210\u5a5a\uff0c\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u513f\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u4f34\u4fa3\u518d\u4e5f\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u5f7c\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n
3.<\/p>\n
\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5df4\u9ece\u4e94\u533a\u7684\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f9d\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u739b\u4e3d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u6a21\u6837\u3002\u5728\u74f6\u74f6\u7f50\u7f50\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u8bd5\u5242\u65c1\uff0c\u6302\u7740\u4e00\u4ef6\u6709\u767d\u8272\u5706\u70b9\u76f8\u7f00\u7684\u6df1\u84dd\u8272\u8fde\u8863\u957f\u88d9\uff0c\u4fcf\u4e3d\u5374\u4e0d\u5931\u5e84\u91cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u739b\u4e3d\u5f53\u5e74\u5b9e\u9a8c\u670d\u7684\u6a21\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728 \u739b\u4e3d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u91cc\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e3a\u94c0\u5c04\u7ebf\u3002\u739b\u4e3d\u51b3\u5fc3\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u535a\u58eb\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u3002\u5979\u4f7f\u7528\u4e08\u592b\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u6240\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u9759\u7535\u6d4b\u91cf\u4eea\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u94c0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176 \u5468\u56f4\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u5e26\u7535\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u94c0\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u94c0\u7684\u542b\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u5c31\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u6765\u81ea\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u6765\u81ea\u539f\u5b50\u672c \u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u9759\u7535\u4eea\u53c8\u6d4b\u5f97\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u6ca5\u9752\u94c0\u77ff\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u662f\u7eaf\u94c0\u7684\u56db\u500d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u739b\u4e3d\u575a\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6ca5\u9752\u94c0\u77ff\u91cc\u80af\u5b9a\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u5c04\u6027 \u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u3002 \u739b\u4e3d\u8ffd\u968f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u948d\u3002\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u4e5f\u76f8\u5f53\u652f\u6301\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u6682\u505c\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u739b\u4e3d\u4e00\u8d77\u5206\u79bb\u94c0\u77ff\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u4e00\u540c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u948b\u2014\u2014\u739b\u4e3d\u4ee5\u5979\u7684\u7956\u56fd\u6ce2 \u5170\u4e3a\u6b64\u5143\u7d20\u547d\u4e86\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u91cc\uff0c\u5bf9\u672a\u77e5\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u76f8\u5f53\u6fc0\u52a8\u4eba\u5fc3\uff0c\u5374\u4e5f\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u5931\u8d25\u30021898\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4f30\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u4e0e\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u956d\uff0c\u4f46\u6570\u91cf\u5b9e\u5728\u5c11\u5f97\u53ef\u601c\u3002\u968f\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u67af\u71e5\u4e0e\u8f9b\u82e6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u57281902\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u4e00\u5428\u6ca5\u9752\u94c0\u77ff\u91cc\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u4e860.1\u514b\u6c2f\u5316\u956d\u3002<\/p>\n
1903\u5e74\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u5979\u4e0e\u4e08\u592b\u8fde\u540c\u5bfc\u5e08\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u4e86\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u5973\u6027\u30021904\u5e74\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u4ea7\u4e0b\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5973\u513f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u66b4\u96e8\u5929\u91cc\uff0c\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u8f66\u7978\u53bb\u4e16\u3002\u739b\u4e3d\u75db\u82e6\u4e0d\u582a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u4e86\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u3002\u201c\u6211\u5c06\u4ece\u6b64\u65e0\u836f\u53ef\u6551\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e16\u4e0d\u5e78\u5b64\u5355\u3002\u201d\u7d22\u90a6\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u539f\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u540c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u4f20\u4e88\u739b\u4e3d\uff0c\u4f7f\u739b\u4e3d\u4ece\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5bfb\u6c42\u6170\u7c4d\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u4ece\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u9634\u5f71\u91cc\u8d70\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n
1910\u5e74\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u72ec\u7acb\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u7eaf\u956d\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f971911\u5e74\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5316\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u9664\u6ce1\u5229\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u6536\u83b7\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u5956\u9879\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u66f4\u96be\u5f97\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5979\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u956d\u5206\u79bb\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e13\u5229\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u9879\u5f97\u6765\u4e0d\u6613\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8d21\u732e\u7ed9\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n
4.<\/p>\n
\u739b\u4e3d\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u767e\u5e74\u540e\u5979\u5df2\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u5973\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u201c\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u800c\u5728\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u201c\u5973\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u8fde\u540c\u201c\u5973\u535a\u58eb\u201d\uff0c\u5df2\u6ca6\u4e3a\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u201c\u4e16 \u754c\u4e0a\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u4e3a\u7537\u4eba\uff0c\u4e8c\u4e3a\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u4e09\u4e3a\u5973\u535a\u58eb\u3002\u201d\u201c\u5927\u4e13\u751f\u662f\u8d75\u654f\uff0c\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u662f\u9ec4\u84c9\uff0c\u7855\u58eb\u751f\u662f\u674e\u83ab\u6101\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u662f\u706d\u7edd\u5e08\u592a\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u662f\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e0d\u8d25\u3002\u201d \u201c\u767d\u5929\u6101\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u665a\u4e0a\u6101\u5ac1\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u201c\u7537\u4eba\u4e0d\u8981\u5973\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u5bfc\u5e08\u82db\u523b\u5973\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u62d2\u7b7e\u5973\u535a\u58eb\u3002\u201d\u2026\u2026\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u4e0d\u7edd\u4e8e\u8033\uff0c\u5973\u535a\u58eb\u88ab\u6253\u5165\u51b7\u5bab\uff0c\u5927\u4f17\u907f\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53ca\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8ffd\u7a76\u8d77\u793e\u4f1a\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u89c1\u89e3\u4e0d\u7edd\u4e8e\u8033\uff1a\u201c\u7537\u9ad8\u5973\u4f4e\u201d\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5e74\u9f84\u548c\u8138\u86cb\u66f4\u5438\u5f15\u7537\u4eba\uff0c\u6613\u88ab\u5bfc\u5e08\u6f5c\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8bfb\u4e66\u5c06\u751f\u80b2\u5e74\u9f84\u9519\u8fc7\uff0c\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53cd\u667a\u601d\u60f3\u2026\u2026\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u77ed\u671f\u91cc\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u804c\u4e1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6210\u719f\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u662f\u5927\u5fcc\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u673a\u6784\u4e3a\u9f13\u52b1\u5973\u6027\u4ece\u4e8b\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u663e\u6027\u6b67\u89c6\u5df2\u7ecf\u76f8\u5f53\u5c11\u89c1\u3002\u4f46\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8f83\u4e4b\u7537\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u8def\u9014\u4e5f\u8d70\u5f97\u76f8\u5bf9\u8270\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728 \u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u786c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u9886\u57df\uff08\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u201d\uff08leaky pipeline\uff09\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u4ece\u672c\u79d1\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u540e\uff0c\u8bb2\u5e08\u5230\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u9876\u5c16\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u804c\u4e1a\u201c\u7ba1\u9053\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4ece\u201c\u7ba1\u9053\u201d\u4e2d\u6cc4\u6f0f\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66 \u9886\u57df\u3002\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u5316\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u534f\u4f1a\uff08WISE\uff09\u4e3b\u5e2dPhoeby Leboy\u572809\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9886\u57df\u91cc\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5973\u6027\u6570\u91cf\u5df2\u5e76\u4e0d\u900a\u4e8e\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u5708\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u804c\u4f4d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u53ea\u536030%\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u897f\u65b9 \u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u662f\u7275\u7eca\u5973\u6027\u8ffd\u6c42\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u7f81\u7eca\uff0c\u4f46\u751f\u80b2\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u58c1\u5792\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u79d1\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\u671f\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u5176 25-35\u5c81\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6070\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5973\u6027\u7684\u751f\u80b2\u5e74\u9f84\u30022009\u5e74\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5206\u6821\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Centre for American progress\uff09\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6709\u5c0f\u5b69\u7684\u5df2\u5a5a\u5973\u6027\u5f97\u5230\u7ec8\u8eab\u6559\u804c\u7684\u673a\u7387\uff0c\u6bd4\u5df2\u5a5a\u6709\u5b69\u7684\u7537\u6027\u4f4e35%\uff0c\u4e5f\u6bd4\u65e0\u5c0f\u5b69\u7684\u5355\u8eab\u5973\u6027\u4f4e33%\u3002\u5728\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u671f\u95f4\u62e5\u6709\u5c0f \u5b69\u7684\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u804c\u4e1a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u662f\u7537\u6027\u6216\u65e0\u5b69\u5973\u6027\u76842\u500d\u3002\u53ea\u670913%\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u548c23%\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec6\u5468\u7684\u5e26\u85aa\u4ea7\u5047\u3002<\/p>\n
\u751a \u81f3\u8fd8\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u5728\u6211\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u66fe\u79c1\u4e0b\u91cc\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u8bc4\u8bba\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5973\u6027\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u65e5\u540e\u4f1a\u79bb\u5f00\u79d1\u5b66\u5ac1\u4eba\u751f\u5b50\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u5979\u4eec\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90 \u6d6a\u8d39\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u591a\u57f9\u517b\u4e00\u4e9b\u7537\u535a\u58eb\u751f\uff0c\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u50a8\u5907\u4eba\u624d\u30022005\u5e74\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u6851\u9ed8\u65af(LawrenceSummers)\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u5973\u6027\u5728\u79d1 \u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u52a3\u52bf\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5973\u6027\u5148\u5929\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u987f\u65f6\u6380\u8d77\u8f69\u7136\u5927\u6ce2\u3002\u6851\u9ed8\u65af\u65e5\u540e\u7684\u8f9e\u804c\u4e0e\u6b64\u4e0d\u65e0\u5e72\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n
5.<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u88ab\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6240\u5413\u5012\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u91cc\uff0c\u5979\u53c8\u600e\u4e48\u53bb\u9762\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5982\u4eca\u4e25\u91cd\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u7684\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\uff1f<\/p>\n
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\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u4eba\u751f\u91cc\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4e0e\u90ce\u4e4b\u4e07\uff08PaulLangevin\uff09\u7684\u4e0d\u4f26\u604b\u60c5\u3002\u90ce \u4e4b\u4e07\u662f\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u751f\u524d\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4f20\u8bf4 \u4ed6\u4e0e\u59bb\u5b50\u611f\u60c5\u51b7\u6de1\uff0c\u5374\u6df1\u6df1\u8ff7\u4e0a\u4e86\u4f9d\u7136\u7f8e\u4e3d\u52a8\u4eba\u7684\u739b\u4e3d\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u62a5\u7eb8\u5c06\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7eef\u95fb\u7092\u5f97\u6cb8\u6cb8\u626c\u626c\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u6392\u5916\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u7740\u201c\u5973\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c0f\u4e09\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e89\u8bae\u5341\u8db3\u7684\u5671\u5934\uff0c\u539f\u672c \u6d6a\u6f2b\u591a\u60c5\u7684\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u6c11\u4f17\u5bb9\u4e0d\u5f97\u739b\u4e3d\uff0c\u5c06\u5979\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u6ce2\u5170\u8361\u5987\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u604b\u60c5\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\u4e4b\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u5b59\u5973\u5ac1\u7ed9\u4e86\u90ce\u4e4b\u4e07\u7684\u5b59\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u534e\u6c99\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\uff0c\u6811\u8d77\u4e86\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u96d5\u5851\u3002\u5df2\u662f\u8457\u540d\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u7684\u521d\u604b\u60c5\u4eba\u4f50\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa\uff0c\u66fe\u65e0\u6570\u6b21\u5728\u8fd9\u96d5\u5851\u524d\u9759\u5750\u9ed8\u5ff5\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u534e\u6c99\u53c8\u5efa\u8d77\u4e86\u7eaa\u5ff5\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4e0e\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u4ee5\u7f05\u6000\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u5973\u513f\u3002<\/p>\n
1995\u5e74\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u4e0e\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u7684\u9057\u4f53\u88ab\u9001\u5165\u8c61\u5f81\u6cd5\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u8363\u8a89\u7684\u5df4\u9ece\u5148\u8d24\u7960\u3002\u90a3\u4f4d\u6765\u81ea\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u7a77\u56f0\u59d1\u5a18\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u5148\u8d24\u7960\u4e2d\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5973\u6027\u3002\u5979\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u88ab\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4f20\u9882\u3002\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u66fe\u8bf4\uff1a\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u540d\u8a89\u6240\u6bc1\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
6.<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u535a\u7269\u9986\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u7ffb\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u770b\u7740\u5e74\u5c11\u5982\u82b1\u7684\u739b\u4e3d\u6210\u957f\u4e3a\u4e24\u9b13\u6591\u767d\u7684\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u3002\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5979\u6c38\u8fdc\u575a\u5b9a\u6bc5\u7136\u7684\u773c\u795e\u3002\u6bcf\u6bcf\u4e0e\u5979\u5bf9\u89c6\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5fc3\u5e95\u6709\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u5189\u5189\u5347\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211 \u60f3\u8d77\u7f8e\u56fd\u5973\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8036\u6d1b\uff08RosalynYalow\uff09\u57281977\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u540e\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u671f\u5f85\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u672a\u6765\u91cc\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6709\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684 \u5973\u6027\u90fd\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5973\u6027\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u522b\u4eba\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f8\u4fe1\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u4e0e\u83b7\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u52c7\u6c14 \u4e0e\u51b3\u5fc3\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u80a9\u8d1f\u8d77\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e9b\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5973\u6027\u7684\u9053\u8def\u80fd\u591f\u597d\u8d70\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u56f0\u6270\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u627f\u53d7\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e00\u534a\u667a\u529b \u7684\u635f\u5931\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
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