{"id":2068,"date":"2012-09-15T09:48:05","date_gmt":"2012-09-15T01:48:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/?p=2068"},"modified":"2013-11-21T18:25:45","modified_gmt":"2013-11-21T10:25:45","slug":"linux-system-and-performance-monitoringmemory%e7%af%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/2068.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux System and Performance Monitoring(Memory\u7bc7)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>5.0 Virtual Memory\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/p>\n<p>\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u786c\u76d8\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5c55,\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u662f\u8981\u76f8\u5bf9\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684.\u5185\u6838\u4f1a\u5199\u5f53\u524d\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5230\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a,\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u9014.\u5f53\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u9700\u8981\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9\u65f6,\u6b64\u65f6\u518d\u8bfb\u56de\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d.\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4,\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u900f\u660e\u7684;\u5728Linux \u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u5230,\u4e5f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58,\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7559\u610f\u5230,\u5076\u5c14\u8fd8\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u9a7b\u7559\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684.\u5f53\u7136,\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u548c\u5199,\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u6162\u7684(\u5927\u7ea6\u4f1a\u6162\u4e0a\u5343\u500d),\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u771f\u5b9e\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8bdd,\u56e0\u6b64\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u66f4\u5feb.\u7528\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u4e3aVirtual Memory,\u8fd9\u5c31\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201dswap space\u201d(\u8bd1\u6ce8:\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4).<\/p>\n<p>5.1 Virtual Memory Pages<\/p>\n<p>\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a pages(\u8bd1\u6ce8:\u9875),\u5728X86\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d,\u6bcf\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u4e3a 4KB.\u5f53\u5185\u6838\u5199\u5185\u5b58\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u6216\u8005\u8bfb\u78c1\u76d8\u5230\u5185\u5b58,\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u5185\u5b58\u5230\u9875\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b.\u5185\u6838\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728swap \u5206\u533a\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c.<\/p>\n<p>5.2 Kernel Memory Paging<\/p>\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u9875\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u603b\u662f\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684,\u4e0ememory swapping(\u8bd1\u6ce8:\u5185\u5b58\u4ea4\u6362)\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u8981\u641e\u9519\u4e86.\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u9875\u662f\u6307\u5185\u6838\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u540c\u6b65\u5230\u786c\u76d8,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662fMemory Paging.\u65e5\u590d\u4e00\u65e5,\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u4f1a\u6d88\u8017\u6389\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4.\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u70b9,\u5185\u6838\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u5e38\u626b\u63cf\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u4e14\u6536\u56de\u5176\u4e2d\u672a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u9875,\u7136\u540e\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u4f7f\u7528.<\/p>\n<p>5.3 The Page Frame Reclaim Algorithm(PFRA)(\u8bd1\u6ce8:\u9875\u6846\u56de\u6536\u7b97\u6cd5)<\/p>\n<p>PFRA \u5c31\u662fOS \u5185\u6838\u7528\u6765\u56de\u6536\u5e76\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5.PFRA \u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u7c7b\u578b\u7684.\u9875\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd:<br \/>\nUnreclaimable \u2013\u9501\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u9875\u9762<br \/>\nSwappable \u2013\u533f\u540d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u9875<br \/>\nSyncable \u2013\u901a\u8fc7\u786c\u76d8\u6587\u4ef6\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u9875<br \/>\nDiscardable \u2013\u9759\u6001\u9875\u548c\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u7684\u9875<br \/>\n\u9664\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\uff08Unreclaimable\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88abPFRA\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u6536.<br \/>\n\u4e0ePFRA \u76f8\u5173\u7684,\u8fd8\u5305\u62eckswapd \u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53caLow On Memory Reclaiming(LMR\u7b97\u6cd5) \u8fd92\u79cd\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0.<\/p>\n<p>5.4 kswapd<\/p>\n<p>kswapd \u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d1f\u8d23\u786e\u4fdd\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u603b\u662f\u5728\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u4e2d.\u5b83\u76d1\u63a7\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u7684pages_high\u548cpages_low\u9600\u503c.\u5982\u679c\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u503c\u4f4e\u4e8e pages_low,\u5219\u6bcf\u6b21 kswapd \u8fdb\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u626b\u63cf\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91ca\u653e32\u4e2afree pages.\u5e76\u4e00\u76f4\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b,\u76f4\u5230\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u503c\u9ad8\u4e8e pages_high.<br \/>\nkswapd \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c:<\/p>\n<p>1,\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u9875\u5904\u4e8e\u672a\u4fee\u6539\u72b6\u6001,\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u9875\u653e\u7f6e\u56de\u7a7a\u95f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d.<br \/>\n2,\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u9875\u5904\u4e8e\u5df2\u4fee\u6539\u72b6\u6001\u5e76\u53ef\u5907\u4efd\u56de\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf,\u5219\u5c06\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u5199\u5165\u5230\u78c1\u76d8.<br \/>\n3,\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u9875\u5904\u4e8e\u5df2\u4fee\u6539\u72b6\u6001\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u78c1\u76d8\u5907\u4efd,\u5219\u5c06\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u5199\u5165\u5230swap device.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n# ps -ef | grep kswapd\r\nroot 30 1 0 23:01 ? 00:00:00 &#x5B;kswapd0]\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>5.5 Kernel Paging with pdflush<\/p>\n<p>pdflush \u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c.\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4,\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u540e, pdflush \u5c06\u8d1f\u8d23\u5199\u56de\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n# ps -ef | grep pdflush\r\nroot 28 3 0 23:01 ? 00:00:00 &#x5B;pdflush]\r\nroot 29 3 0 23:01 ? 00:00:00 &#x5B;pdflush]\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5f53\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5b58\u572810% \u7684\u810f\u9875,pdflush \u5c06\u88ab\u542f\u52a8\u540c\u6b65\u810f\u9875\u56de\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 vm.dirty_background_ratio \u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574.<br \/>\n(\u8bd1\u6ce8:<br \/>\nQ:\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u810f\u9875?<br \/>\nA:\u7531\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u9875\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u4f5c\u7528,\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684.\u5f53\u9875\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6bd4\u78c1\u76d8\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fd8\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6,\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u88ab\u79f0\u505a\u810f\u9875.)<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n# sysctl -n vm.dirty_background_ratio\r\n10\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u591a\u6570\u73af\u5883\u4e0b,Pdflush\u4e0ePFRA\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u884c\u7684,\u5f53\u5185\u6838\u8c03\u7528LMR\u65f6,LMR \u5c31\u89e6\u53d1pdflush\u5c06\u810f\u9875\u5199\u5165\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u91cc.<br \/>\n++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br \/>\n\u57282.4 \u5185\u6838\u4e0b,\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8377\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u73af\u5883\u4e2d,\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u9047\u5230\u4ea4\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5d29\u6e83.\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aPFRA \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d,\u5077\u53d6\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528.\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5982\u679c\u8981\u56de\u6536\u90a3\u4e2a\u9875\u65f6,\u8981\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u518d\u53bb\u5077\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9875,\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765,\u5c31\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7cdf\u7cd5\u4e86.\u57282.6 \u5185\u6838\u4e0b,\u4f7f\u7528\u201dSwap token\u201d\u4fee\u590d\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2aBUG,\u7528\u6765\u9632\u6b62PFRA \u4e0d\u65ad\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u83b7\u53d6\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875.<br \/>\n++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<\/p>\n<p>5.6 \u6848\u4f8b\u5b66\u4e60:\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5165\u53e3I\/O<\/p>\n<p>vmstat \u5de5\u5177\u62a5\u544a\u91cc\u9664\u4e86CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5,\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58.\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c31\u662fvmstat \u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u90e8\u5206:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\nTable 2: The vmstat Memory Statistics\r\nField Description\r\nSwapd The amount of virtual memory in KB currently in use. As free memory reaches low thresholds, more data is paged to the swap device.\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5f53\u524d\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u603b\u989d(\u5355\u4f4d:KB).\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u9600\u503c\u65f6,\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u9875\u5230\u4ea4\u6362\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d.<br \/>\nFree The amount of physical RAM in kilobytes currently available to running applications.<br \/>\n\u5f53\u524d\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u53ef\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b57\u8282\u6570.<br \/>\nBuff The amount of physical memory in kilobytes in the buffer cache as a result of read() and write() operations.<br \/>\n\u5f53\u524d\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8eread()\u548cwrite()\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7f13\u5b58\u5b57\u8282\u6570<br \/>\nCache The amount of physical memory in kilobytes mapped into process address space.<br \/>\n\u5f53\u524d\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b57\u8282\u6570<br \/>\nSo The amount of data in kilobytes written to the swap disk.<br \/>\n\u5199\u5165\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u603b\u989d<br \/>\nSi The amount of data in kilobytes written from the swap disk back into RAM.<br \/>\n\u4ece\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u5199\u56de\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u603b\u989d<br \/>\nBo The amount of disk blocks paged out from the RAM to the filesystem or swap device.<br \/>\n\u78c1\u76d8\u5757\u9875\u9762\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4ea4\u6362\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u603b\u989d<br \/>\nBi The amount of disk blocks paged into RAM from the filesystem or swap device.<br \/>\n\u78c1\u76d8\u5757\u9875\u9762\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4ea4\u6362\u8bbe\u5907\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u603b\u989d<br \/>\n\u4ee5\u4e0b vmstat \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c,\u5c31\u662f\u6f14\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728I\/O \u5e94\u7528\u4e2d,\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8377\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n# vmstat 3\r\nprocs memory swap io system cpu\r\nr b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa\r\n3 2 809192 261556 79760 886880 416 0 8244 751 426 863 17 3 6 75\r\n0 3 809188 194916 79820 952900 307 0 21745 1005 1189 2590 34 6 12 48\r\n0 3 809188 162212 79840 988920 95 0 12107 0 1801 2633 2 2 3 94\r\n1 3 809268 88756 79924 1061424 260 28 18377 113 1142 1694 3 5 3 88\r\n1 2 826284 17608 71240 1144180 100 6140 25839 16380 1528 1179 19 9 12 61\r\n2 1 854780 17688 34140 1208980 1 9535 25557 30967 1764 2238 43 13 16 28\r\n0 8 867528 17588 32332 1226392 31 4384 16524 27808 1490 1634 41 10 7 43\r\n4 2 877372 17596 32372 1227532 213 3281 10912 3337 678 932 33 7 3 57\r\n1 2 885980 17800 32408 1239160 204 2892 12347 12681 1033 982 40 12 2 46\r\n5 2 900472 17980 32440 1253884 24 4851 17521 4856 934 1730 48 12 13 26\r\n1 1 904404 17620 32492 1258928 15 1316 7647 15804 919 978 49 9 17 25\r\n4 1 911192 17944 32540 1266724 37 2263 12907 3547 834 1421 47 14 20 20\r\n1 1 919292 17876 31824 1275832 1 2745 16327 2747 617 1421 52 11 23 14\r\n5 0 925216 17812 25008 1289320 12 1975 12760 3181 772 1254 50 10 21 19\r\n0 5 932860 17736 21760 1300280 8 2556 15469 3873 825 1258 49 13 24 15\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u89c2\u5bdf\u503c,\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba:<\/p>\n<p>1,\u5927\u91cf\u7684disk pages(bi)\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u5185\u5b58,\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc,\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58(cache)\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u589e\u957f.<br \/>\n2,\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u4e0a,\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58(free) \u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u572817MB,\u5373\u4f7f\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u786c\u76d8\u8bfb\u5165\u800c\u5728\u6d88\u8017RAM.<br \/>\n3,\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u62a4\u7a7a\u95f2\u5217\u8868, kswapd \u4ece\u8bfb\/\u5199\u7f13\u5b58\u533a(buff)\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u5185\u5b58\u5e76\u5206\u914d\u5230\u7a7a\u95f2\u5217\u8868\u91cc.\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230buffer cache(buff) \u5728\u9010\u6e10\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u4e2d.<br \/>\n4, \u540c\u65f6kswapd \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5199\u810f\u9875\u5230swap device(so)\u65f6,\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u662f\u5728\u9010\u6e10\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4e2d(swpd).<\/p>\n<p>5.7 \u7ed3\u8bba<\/p>\n<p>\u76d1\u63a7\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u6027\u80fd\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210:<\/p>\n<p>1,\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u9875\u9519\u8bef,\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u597d\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4,\u662f\u56e0\u4e3amemory caches(\u8bd1\u6ce8:\u5185\u5b58\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u5b58)\u6bd4disk caches\u66f4\u5feb(\u8bd1\u6ce8:\u78c1\u76d8\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u5b58).<br \/>\n2,\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58,\u662f\u4ef6\u597d\u4e8b\u60c5,\u90a3\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387.\u9664\u975e\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5199\u5165swap device\u548cdisk.<br \/>\n3,\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u65ad\u62a5\u544a,swap device\u603b\u662f\u7e41\u5fd9\u4e2d,\u90a3\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5185\u5b58\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u8db3,\u9700\u8981\u5347\u7ea7\u4e86.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>5.0 Virtual Memory\u4ecb\u7ecd \u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u786c\u76d8\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5c55,\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u662f\u8981\u76f8\u5bf9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-skill"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2068","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2068"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2068\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2070,"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2068\/revisions\/2070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}