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\u6709\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5efa\u8bae\u8fd9\u6837\u627e\u201c\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\uff1a\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u540d\u8bcd\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u5219\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5373\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u5e74\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u6587\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u6297\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u300a\u6c81\u56ed\u6625\u2022\u96ea\u300b\uff0c\u7279\u610f\u8bf7\u6e05\u671d\u9057\u8001\u4eec\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u4ed7\u5de5\u6574\u7684\u8bd7\uff0c\u8bf7\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u8fc7\u76ee\u3002\u8001\u848b\u770b\u4e86\u6c14\u5f97\u5927\u9a82\uff1a\u201c\u5a18\u5e0c\u5339\uff0c\u5168\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u80a1\u68fa\u6750\u91cc\u8150\u5c38\u7684\u6c14\u5473\u3002\u201d\u6211\u770b\u4e86\u51e0\u5343\u9875\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u4e9b\u201c\u5f31\u667a\u201d\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9192\u609f\u5230\u201c\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u786c\u9053\u7406\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bed\u8a00\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5982Smalltalk\u3001Ada\u3001Eiffel\u3001Object Pascal\u3001Visual Basic\u3001C++\u7b49\u7b49\u3002C++\u8bed\u8a00\u6700\u8ba8\u4eba\u559c\u6b22\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u517c\u5bb9C \u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u5907C \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u53ebJava \u7684\u7eaf\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bed\u8a00\u7ea2\u6781\u4e00\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u53eb\u558a\u7740\u8981\u7528Java \u9769C++\u7684\u547d\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3aJava \u597d\u6bd4\u662fC++\u7684\u5916\u7525\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u9057\u4f20\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u51e0\u5206\u8c61\u6837\u3002\u5916\u7525\u5728\u8205\u8205\u8eab\u4e0a\u73a9\u800d\u65f6\u6d12\u4e86\u4e00\u6ce1\u5c3f\uff0c\u4fe9\u4eba\u4e0d\u8be5\u4e3a\u6b64\u800c\u4e89\u5435\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5173\u4e8eC++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4e66\u85c9\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u4e0d\u8bb2C++\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u9053\u7406\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u80fd\u65e9\u51e0\u5e74\u660e\u767d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u6539\u5584\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
1. C++\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n
\u65e9\u671f\u9769\u547d\u5f71\u7247\u91cc\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u662f\u515a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u6211\u4ee3\u8868\u515a\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u515a\u3002\u201d\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u7ed9\u540c\u5fd7\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u707e\u96be\u3002
\n\u4f1a\u7528C++\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4e00\u5b9a\u61c2\u5f97\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5417\uff1f
\n\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7528C++\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u61c2\u5f97\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5417\uff1f
\n\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u672a\u5fc5\u3002\u5c31\u8c61\u574f\u86cb\u5165\u515a\u540e\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u597d\u4eba\uff0c\u597d\u4eba\u4e0d\u5165\u515a\u672a\u5fc5\u53d8\u6210\u574f\u86cb\u90a3\u6837\u3002
\n\u6211\u4e0d\u6015\u89e6\u72af\u4f17\u6012\u5730\u8bf4\u53e5\u5927\u8bdd\uff1a\u201cC++\u6ca1\u6709\u9ad8\u624b\uff0cC \u8bed\u8a00\u624d\u6709\u9ad8\u624b\u3002\u201d\u5728\u7528C \u548cC++\u7f16\u7a0b8\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u9057\u61be\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u662fC \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9ad8\u624b\uff0c\u66f4\u9057\u61be\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u70b9\u62e8\u6211\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u6211\u548c\u5f88\u591aC++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u4eab\u7528\u5230C++\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u597d\u5904\u65f6\u4fbf\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u7ecf\u660e\u767d\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u5c31\u8c61\u6324\u6389\u7259\u818f\u5356\u7259\u818f\u76ae\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u66b4\u6b84\u5929\u7269\u5440\u3002
\n\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u61c2\u62fc\u97f3\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8bb2\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u61c2\u5f97\u62fc\u97f3\u5219\u4f1a\u628a\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u8bb2\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u4e0d\u61c2\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528C++\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u61c2\u5f97\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5219\u4f1a\u628aC++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u672c\u8282\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e09\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u201c\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u7ec4\u5408\u201d\u3001\u201c\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u591a\u6001\u201d\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u201c\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u6027\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u53ef\u6269\u5145\u6027\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
1.1 \u7c7b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08Object\uff09\u662f\u7c7b\uff08Class\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff08Instance\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u6bd4\u4f5c\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7c7b\u5c31\u662f\u623f\u5b50\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u56fe\u7eb8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u7c7b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u6216\u79f0\u670d\u52a1\uff09\u3002\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u952e\u5b57public\u3001protected \u548cprivate \u7528\u4e8e\u58f0\u660e\u54ea\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u516c\u6709\u7684\u3001\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6216\u8005\u662f\u79c1\u6709\u7684\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u4fe1\u606f\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u8ba9\u7c7b\u4ec5\u4ec5\u516c\u5f00\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u8ba9\u5916\u754c\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u9690\u85cf\u5176\u5b83\u4e00\u5207\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee5\u7528\u7c7b\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u6210\u706b\u9505\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u5f80\u91cc\u6254\u3002
\n\u7c7b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u4ee5\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee5\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff1f
\n\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u4ee5\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u6d3e\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\u7c7b\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0a\u5c06private \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5728\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u5c06public \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5199\u5728\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u88688.1(a)\u6240\u793a\u3002
\n\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u4ee5\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u6d3e\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\u7c7b\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0a\u5c06public \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5199\u5728\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u5c06private \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5728\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u88688.1(b)\u6240\u793a\u3002
\n\u5f88\u591aC++\u6559\u8bfe\u4e66\u4e3b\u5f20\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7c7b\u65f6\u201c\u4ee5\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u3002\u6211\u575a\u6301\u5e76\u4e14\u5efa\u8bae\u8bfb\u8005\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7c7b\u65f6\u201c\u4ee5\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u9996\u5148\u8003\u8651\u7c7b\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002Microsoft \u516c\u53f8\u7684COM \u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0cCOM \u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7c7b\u7684\u516c\u6709\u51fd\u6570[Rogerson 1999]\u3002\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u54b1\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u6000\u7591Microsoft \u516c\u53f8\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u7c7b\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\uff0c\u96be\u7684\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u57fa\u7c7b\u53ca\u5176\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u641e\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u201c\u7ee7\u627f\u201d\uff08Inheritance\uff09\u3001\u201c\u7ec4\u5408\u201d\uff08Composition\uff09\u3001\u201c\u591a\u6001\u201d\uff08 Polymorphism\uff09\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n
1.2 \u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u7ec4\u5408<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679cA \u662f\u57fa\u7c7b\uff0cB \u662fA \u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48B \u5c06\u7ee7\u627fA \u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\r\nclass A\r\n{\r\npublic:\r\nvoid Func1(void);\r\nvoid Func2(void);\r\n};\r\nclass B : public A\r\n{\r\npublic:\r\nvoid Func3(void);\r\nvoid Func4(void);\r\n};\r\n\/\/ Example\r\nmain()\r\n{\r\nB b; \/\/ B\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\r\nb.Func1(); \/\/ B \u4eceA \u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u51fd\u6570Func1\r\nb.Func2(); \/\/ B \u4eceA \u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u51fd\u6570Func2\r\nb.Func3();\r\nb.Func4();\r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1aC++\u7684\u201c\u7ee7\u627f\u201d\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u6027\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u7ee7\u627f\u201d\u592a\u6709\u7528\u3001\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u7528\uff0c\u624d\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u4e71\u7528\u201c\u7ee7\u627f\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7ed9\u201c\u7ee7\u627f\u201d\u7acb\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u5982\u679c\u7c7bA \u548c\u7c7bB \u6beb\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7fB \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u591a\u4e9b\u800c\u8ba9B \u7ee7\u627fA \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002
\n\u4e0d\u8981\u89c9\u5f97\u201c\u4e0d\u5403\u767d\u4e0d\u5403\u201d\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7aef\u7aef\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u9752\u5e74\u65e0\u7f18\u65e0\u6545\u5730\u5403\u4eba\u53c2\u8865\u8eab\u4f53\u3002
\n\u4e8c\u3001\u5982\u679c\u7c7bB \u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4f7f\u7528A \u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5219\u8981\u5206\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u8003\u8651\uff1a
\n\uff081\uff09\u82e5\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0aB \u662fA \u7684\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u201d\uff08a kind of \uff09\uff0c\u5219\u5141\u8bb8B \u7ee7\u627fA \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u7537\u4eba\uff08Man\uff09\u662f\u4eba\uff08Human\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u7537\u5b69\uff08Boy\uff09\u662f\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u7c7bMan \u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7c7bHuman \u6d3e\u751f\uff0c\u7c7bBoy \u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7c7bMan \u6d3e\u751f\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\r\nclass Human\r\n{\r\n\u2026\r\n};\r\nclass Man : public Human\r\n{\r\n\u2026\r\n};\r\nclass Boy : public Man\r\n{\r\n\u2026\r\n};\r\n<\/pre>\n\uff082\uff09\u82e5\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0aA \u662fB \u7684\u201c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u201d\uff08a part of\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8B \u7ee7\u627fA \u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u7528A\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u4e1c\u897f\u7ec4\u5408\u51faB\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u773c\uff08Eye\uff09\u3001\u9f3b\uff08Nose\uff09\u3001\u53e3\uff08Mouth\uff09\u3001\u8033\uff08Ear\uff09\u662f\u5934\uff08Head\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7c7bHead \u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u7c7bEye\u3001Nose\u3001Mouth\u3001Ear \u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6d3e\u751f\u800c\u6210\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\r\nclass Eye\r\n{\r\npublic:\r\nvoid Look(void);\r\n};\r\nclass Nose\r\n{\r\npublic:\r\nvoid Smell(void);\r\n};\r\nclass Mouth\r\n{\r\npublic:\r\nvoid Eat(void);\r\n};\r\nclass Ear\r\n{\r\npublic:\r\nvoid Listen(void);\r\n};\r\n\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5197\u957f\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\r\nclass Head\r\n{\r\npublic:\r\nvoid Look(void) { m_eye.Look(); }\r\nvoid Smell(void) { m_nose.Smell(); }\r\nvoid Eat(void) { m_mouth.Eat(); }\r\nvoid Listen(void) { m_ear.Listen(); }\r\nprivate:\r\nEye m_eye;\r\nNose m_nose;\r\nMouth m_mouth;\r\nEar m_ear;\r\n};\r\n<\/pre>\n\u5982\u679c\u5141\u8bb8Head \u4eceEye\u3001Nose\u3001Mouth\u3001Ear \u6d3e\u751f\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48Head \u5c06\u81ea\u52a8\u5177\u6709Look\u3001Smell\u3001Eat\u3001Listen \u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n
\r\n\/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\r\nclass Head : public Eye, public Nose, public Mouth, public Ear\r\n{\r\n};\r\n<\/pre>\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5341\u5206\u7b80\u77ed\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd0\u884c\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5374\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7ecf\u4e0d\u8d77\u201c\u7ee7\u627f\u201d\u7684\u8bf1\u60d1\u800c\u72af\u4e0b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9519\u8bef\u3002
\n\u4e00\u53ea\u516c\u9e21\u4f7f\u52b2\u5730\u8ffd\u6253\u4e00\u53ea\u521a\u4e0b\u4e86\u86cb\u7684\u6bcd\u9e21\uff0c\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5417\uff1f
\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcd\u9e21\u4e0b\u4e86\u9e2d\u86cb\u3002
\n\u672c\u4e663.3 \u8282\u8bb2\u8fc7\u201c\u8fd0\u884c\u6b63\u786e\u201d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u89c1\u5f97\u5c31\u662f\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n
1.3 \u865a\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u591a\u6001<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u7ee7\u627f\u5916\uff0cC++\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u826f\u7279\u6027\u662f\u652f\u6301\u591a\u6001\uff0c\u5373\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f53\u4f5c\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679cA \u662f\u57fa\u7c7b\uff0cB \u548cC \u662fA \u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\uff0c\u591a\u6001\u51fd\u6570Test \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u662fA \u7684 \u6307\u9488\u3002\u90a3\u4e48Test \u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528A\u3001B\u3001C \u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\r\nclass A\r\n{\r\npublic:\r\nvoid Func1(void);\r\n};\r\nvoid Test(A *a)\r\n{\r\na->Func1();\r\n}\r\nclass B : public A\r\n{\r\n\u2026\r\n};\r\nclass C : public A\r\n{\r\n\u2026\r\n};\r\n\/\/ Example\r\nmain()\r\n{\r\nA a;\r\nB b;\r\nC c;\r\nTest(&a);\r\nTest(&b);\r\nTest(&c);\r\n};\r\n<\/pre>\n\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u201c\u591a\u6001\u201d\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u591a\u6001\u201d\u7684\u5a01\u529b\u5c31\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002
\nC++\u7528\u5173\u952e\u5b57virtual \u6765\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\uff08override\uff09\u57fa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\r\nclass A\r\n{\r\npublic:\r\nvirtual void Func1(void){ cout<< \u201cThis is A::Func1 \\n\u201d}\r\n};\r\nvoid Test(A *a)\r\n{\r\na->Func1();\r\n}\r\nclass B : public A\r\n{\r\npublic:\r\nvirtual void Func1(void){ cout<< \u201cThis is B::Func1 \\n\u201d}\r\n};\r\nclass C : public A\r\n{\r\npublic:\r\nvirtual void Func1(void){ cout<< \u201cThis is C::Func1 \\n\u201d}\r\n};\r\n\/\/ Example\r\nmain()\r\n{\r\nA a;\r\nB b;\r\nC c;\r\nTest(&a); \/\/ \u8f93\u51faThis is A::Func1\r\nTest(&b); \/\/ \u8f93\u51faThis is B::Func1\r\nTest(&c); \/\/ \u8f93\u51faThis is C::Func1\r\n};\r\n<\/pre>\n\u5982\u679c\u57fa\u7c7bA \u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\r\nclass A\r\n{\r\npublic:\r\nvirtual void Func1(void)=0;\r\n};\r\n<\/pre>\n\u90a3\u4e48\u51fd\u6570Func1 \u53eb\u4f5c\u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u542b\u6709\u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u53eb\u4f5c\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\u3002\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\u53ea\u7ba1\u5b9a\u4e49\u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7531\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
\n\u7ed3\u5408\u201c\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\u201d\u548c\u201c\u591a\u6001\u201d\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u7a81\u51fa\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a
\n\uff081\uff09\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7f16\u5199\u529f\u80fd\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00
\n\u62db\u53eb\u201c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53d8\u5e94\u4e07\u53d8\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u6027\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u590d\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u590d\u7528\uff09\u3002
\n\uff082\uff09\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u57fa\u7c7b\u6307\u9488\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u53eb\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5145\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u5199\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5c06\u6765\u5199\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e3a\u5947\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c06\u6765\u5199\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4ee5\u524d\u5199\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\u90a3\u53ef\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n
2 \u826f\u597d\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u98ce\u683c
\n\u5185\u529f\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u6b66\u6797\u9ad8\u624b\u51fa\u62db\u5f80\u5f80\u5e73\u6de1\u65e0\u5947\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u9ad8\u624b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7528\u5947\u95e8\u602a\u62db\u5199\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u98ce\u683c\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/p>\n
2.1 \u547d\u540d\u7ea6\u5b9a
\n\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\u7528\u62fc\u97f3\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u53d8\u91cf\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4f60\u5f88\u7231\u56fd\uff0c\u5374\u4f1a\u8ba9\u7528\u6b64\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4eba\u8ff7\u7cca\uff08\u5f88\u591a\u5357\u65b9\u4eba\u4e0d\u61c2\u62fc\u97f3\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u61c2\uff09\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u592a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u7528\u8bcd\u8981\u529b\u6c42\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u5308\u7259\u5229\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u662fMicrosoft \u516c\u53f8\u5021\u5bfc\u7684[Maguire 1993]\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u70e6\u7410\uff0c\u4f46\u7528\u4e60\u60ef\u4e86\u4e5f\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u5f3a\u8feb\u4f60\u91c7\u7528\u4f55\u79cd\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u5230\uff1a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u547d\u540d\u5fc5\u987b\u4e00\u81f4\u3002
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6211\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff1a<\/p>\n
\uff081\uff09\u5b8f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u52a0\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5982MAX_LENGTH\uff1b
\n\uff082\uff09\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u5982SetName, GetName \uff1b
\n\uff083\uff09\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u52a0\u524d\u7f00p\uff0c\u5982*pNode \uff1b
\n\uff084\uff09BOOL \u53d8\u91cf\u52a0\u524d\u7f00b\uff0c\u5982bFlag \uff1b
\n\uff085\uff09int \u53d8\u91cf\u52a0\u524d\u7f00i\uff0c\u5982iWidth \uff1b
\n\uff086\uff09float \u53d8\u91cf\u52a0\u524d\u7f00f\uff0c\u5982fWidth \uff1b
\n\uff087\uff09double \u53d8\u91cf\u52a0\u524d\u7f00d\uff0c\u5982dWidth \uff1b
\n\uff088\uff09\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53d8\u91cf\u52a0\u524d\u7f00str\uff0c\u5982strName \uff1b
\n\uff089\uff09\u679a\u4e3e\u53d8\u91cf\u52a0\u524d\u7f00e\uff0c\u5982eDrawMode \uff1b
\n\uff0810\uff09\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u52a0\u524d\u7f00m_\uff0c\u5982m_strName, m_iWidth \uff1b<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8eint, float, double \u578b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5341\u5206\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u52a0\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u70e6\u7410\u3002\u5982\u7528\u4e8e\u5faa\u73af\u7684int \u578b\u53d8\u91cfi,j,k \uff1bfloat \u578b\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u5750\u6807\uff08x,y,z\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
2.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u65ad\u8a00
\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e00\u822c\u5206\u4e3aDebug \u7248\u672c\u548cRelease \u7248\u672c\uff0cDebug \u7248\u672c\u7528\u4e8e\u5185\u90e8\u8c03\u8bd5\uff0cRelease \u7248\u672c\u53d1\u884c\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u65ad\u8a00assert \u662f\u4ec5\u5728Debug \u7248\u672c\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5b8f\uff0c\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u201c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u201d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u590d\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679cassert \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e3a\u5047\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6b62\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u8fd8\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u63d0\u793a\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86assert\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\r\n\/\/\u590d\u5236\u4e0d\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\r\nvoid memcpy(void *pvTo, void *pvFrom, size_t size)\r\n{\r\nvoid *pbTo = (byte *) pvTo;\r\nvoid *pbFrom = (byte *) pvFrom;\r\nassert( pvTo != NULL && pvFrom != NULL );\r\nwhile(size \u2013 - > 0 )\r\n*pbTo + + = *pbFrom + + ;\r\nreturn (pvTo);\r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\nassert \u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed3\u4fc3\u62fc\u51d1\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5b8f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684Debug \u7248\u672c\u548cRelease \u7248\u672c\u5f15\u8d77\u5dee\u522b\uff0cassert \u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6240\u4ee5assert \u4e0d\u662f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b8f\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u628aassert \u770b\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65e0\u5bb3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u6bd4\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u65ad\u8a00\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u66f4\u8ba9\u4eba\u6cae\u4e27\u7684\u4e8b\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u5316\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6392\u9664\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5076\u5c14\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u641e\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u65ad\u8a00\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u5224\u65ad\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u65ad\u8a00\u4e2d\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u597d\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u662f\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002\u8fd9\u597d\u6bd4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u68ee\u6797\u91cc\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u6811\u4e0a\u9489\u7740\u4e00\u5757\u201c\u5371\u9669\u201d\u7684\u5927\u724c\u5b50\u3002\u4f46\u5371\u9669\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6811\u8981\u5012\uff1f\u6709\u5e9f\u4e95\uff1f\u6709\u91ce\u517d\uff1f\u9664\u975e\u544a\u8bc9\u4eba\u4eec\u201c\u5371\u9669\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8b66\u544a\u724c\u96be\u4ee5\u8d77\u5230\u79ef\u6781\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002[Maguire 1993]<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u65ad\u8a00\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\uff1a
\n\uff081\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u65ad\u8a00\u6355\u6349\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u6df7\u6dc6\u975e\u6cd5\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4f5c\u51fa\u5904\u7406\u7684\u3002
\n\uff082\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u65ad\u8a00\u5bf9\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u8ba4\u3002
\n\uff083\uff09\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u590d\u7684\u8003\u67e5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u81ea\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u6253\u7b97\u505a\u54ea\u4e9b\u5047\u5b9a\uff1f\u201d\u4e00\u65e6\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u7684
\n\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u65ad\u8a00\u5bf9\u5047\u5b9a\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\u3002
\n\uff084\uff09\u4e00\u822c\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u90fd\u9f13\u52b1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u9519\u6027\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u98ce\u683c\u4f1a\u9690\u7792\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5f53\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u9519\u6027\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u201d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u786e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u5219\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u65ad\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u62a5\u8b66\u3002<\/p>\n
2.3 new\u3001delete \u4e0e\u6307\u9488
\n\u5728C++\u4e2d\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26new \u7528\u4e8e\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26delete \u7528\u4e8e\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u5728C \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fd\u6570malloc \u7528\u4e8e\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u51fd\u6570free \u7528\u4e8e\u91ca\u653e\u5185 \u5b58\u3002\u7531\u4e8eC++\u517c\u5bb9C \u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5new\u3001delete\u3001malloc\u3001free \u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002new \u80fd\u6bd4malloc \u5e72\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7533\u8bf7\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u800cmalloc \u4e0d\u80fd\u3002C++\u548cC \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u9488\u5a01\u731b\u65e0\u6bd4\uff0c\u7528\u9519\u4e86\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u707e\u96be\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488p\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7528new\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u7528delete \u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528free \u6765\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7528malloc \u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u7528free \u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528delete \u6765\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u5728\u7528delete \u6216\u7528free \u91ca\u653ep \u6240\u6307\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u9a6c\u4e0a\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u5c06p \u7f6e\u4e3aNULL\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u4e0b\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528p \u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\r\nvoid Test(void)\r\n{\r\nfloat *p;\r\np = new float[100];\r\nif(p==NULL) return;\r\n\u2026\/\/ do something\r\ndelete p;\r\np=NULL; \/\/ \u826f\u597d\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u98ce\u683c\r\n\/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528p\r\np = new float[500];\r\nif(p==NULL) return;\r\n\u2026\/\/ do something else\r\ndelete p;\r\np=NULL;\r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\n\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u9884\u9632\u201c\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u201d\u662f\u6307\u5411\u201c\u5783\u573e\u201d\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u56e0\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a
\n\uff081\uff09\u6307\u9488\u6ca1\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002
\n\uff082\uff09\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u5df2\u7ecf\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u6700\u8ba9\u4eba\u9632\u4e0d\u80dc\u9632\uff0c\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\r\nclass A\r\n{\r\npublic:\r\nvoid Func(void){\u2026}\r\n};\r\nvoid Test(void)\r\n{\r\nA *p;\r\n{\r\nA a;\r\np = &a; \/\/ \u6ce8\u610fa \u7684\u751f\u547d\u671f\r\n}\r\np->Func(); \/\/ p \u662f\u201c\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u201d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u51fa\u9519\r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\n2.4 \u4f7f\u7528const
\n\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u91cf\u65f6\uff0cconst \u6bd4#define \u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u3002\u7528const \u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u542b\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8be5\u5e38\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u4e0e\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
\r\nconst int LENGTH = 100; \/\/ LENGTH \u662fint \u7c7b\u578b\r\nconst float MAX=100; \/\/ MAX \u662ffloat \u7c7b\u578b\r\n#define LENGTH 100 \/\/ LENGTH \u65e0\u7c7b\u578b\r\n#define MAX 100 \/\/ MAX \u65e0\u7c7b\u578b\r\n<\/pre>\n\u9664\u4e86\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e38\u91cf\u5916\uff0cconst \u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u201d\u529f\u80fd\uff1a
\n\u4e00\u3001\u5f3a\u5236\u4fdd\u62a4\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fd\u6570f \u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570name \u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u51fd\u6570g \u548ch \u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8name\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
\r\nvoid f(String s); \/\/ pass by value\r\nvoid g(String &s); \/\/ pass by referance\r\nvoid h(String *s); \/\/ pass by pointer\r\nmain()\r\n{\r\nString name=\u201cDog\u201d;\r\nf(name); \/\/ name \u7684\u503c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\r\ng(name); \/\/ name \u7684\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\r\nh(name); \/\/ name \u7684\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u2018&\u2019\u6216\u2018*\u2019\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u53ea\u4f5c\u8f93\u5165\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u8f93\u51fa\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u524d\u52a0\u4e0aconst\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u8b66\u544a\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570g \u548ch \u5e94\u8be5\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n
\r\nvoid g(const String &s);\r\nvoid h(const String *s);\r\n<\/pre>\n\u4e8c\u3001\u5f3a\u5236\u4fdd\u62a4\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u7684\u503c
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c7bstack \u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570Count \u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fddCount \u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e94\u5c06\u51fd\u6570Count \u5b9a\u4e49\u6210const \u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
\r\nclass Stack\r\n{\r\npublic:\r\nvoid push(int elem);\r\nvoid pop(void);\r\nint Count(void) const; \/\/ const \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\r\nprivate:\r\nint num;\r\nint data[100];\r\n};\r\nint Stack::Count(void) const\r\n{\r\n++ num; \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\uff0cnum \u503c\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\r\npop(); \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\uff0cpop \u5c06\u6539\u53d8\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\r\nreturn num;\r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\n2.5 \u5176\u5b83\u5efa\u8bae
\n\uff081\uff09\u4e0d\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u6761\u8fc7\u5206\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u7d27\u51d1\u7684C++\/C \u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u4e0d\u89c1\u5230\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5374\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u51e0\u7387\u4e5f\u4f1a\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002
\n\uff082\uff09\u4e0d\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u96c6\u591a\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u4e8e\u4e00\u8eab\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5c06\u6b63\u5e38\u503c\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u6807\u5fd7\u6df7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002
\n\uff083\uff09\u4e0d\u8981\u5c06BOOL \u503cTRUE \u548cFALSE \u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e1 \u548c0 \u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5c06FALSE\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a0\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u975e0 \u503c\u90fd\u662fTRUE\u3002Visual C++\u5c06TRUE \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a1\uff0c\u800cVisual Basic \u5219\u5c06TRUE\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a-1\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\r\nBOOL flag;\r\n\u2026\r\nif(flag) { \/\/ do something } \/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\r\nif(flag==TRUE) { \/\/ do something } \/\/ \u5371\u9669\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\r\nif(flag==1) { \/\/ do something } \/\/ \u5371\u9669\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\r\nif(!flag) { \/\/ do something } \/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\r\nif(flag==FALSE) { \/\/ do something } \/\/ \u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\r\nif(flag==0) { \/\/ do something } \/\/ \u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\r\n\uff084\uff09\u5c0f\u5fc3\u4e0d\u8981\u5c06\u201c= =\u201d\u5199\u6210\u201c=\u201d\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u3002\r\n\uff085\uff09\u4e0d\u8981\u5c06123 \u5199\u62100123\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u6570\u503c\u3002\r\n\uff086\uff09\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7ecf\u5e38\u72af\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u9519\u8bef\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5236\u6210\u8868\u683c\u8d34\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u65c1\u8fb9\u3002\r\n<\/pre>\n3 \u5c0f\u7ed3
\nC++\/C \u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5982\u540c\u5c11\u6797\u5bfa\u7684\u6b66\u529f\u4e00\u6837\u535a\u5927\u7cbe\u6df1\uff0c\u6211\u7ec3\u4e868 \u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u53ea\u5b66\u5230\u4e8c\u4e09\u6210\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u8bba\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u8981\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u6c34\u5e73\u5929\u4e0b\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u522b\u4eba\u597d\u7684\u6280\u672f\u548c\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u8981\u865a\u5fc3\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c11\u5f97\u53ef\u601c\uff0c\u5c31\u8c61\u53e3\u6e34\u65f6\u53ea\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u9897\u6768\u6885\u5403\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u8fc7\u763e\u3002\u6211\u501f\u82b1\u732e\u4f5b\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4e00\u672c\u597d\u4e66\uff1aMarshall P. Cline \u8457\u7684\u300aC++ FAQs\u300b[Cline 1995]\u3002\u4f60\u770b\u4e86\u540e\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u8d5e\u4e0d\u7edd\u53e3\u3002\u4f1a\u7f16\u5199C++\/C \u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u610f\u6d0b\u6d0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6bd4\u4f5c\u201c\u6218\u7565\u51b3\u7b56\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7f16\u7a0b\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u6218\u672f\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u662f\u4e2a\u5927\u7b28\u86cb\uff0c\u58eb\u5175\u518d\u52c7\u6562\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5403\u8d25\u4ed7\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u628a\u773c\u5149\u76ef\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0a\uff0c\u8981\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u535a\u5b66\u591a\u624d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5411\u5317\u4eac\u80e1\u540c\u91cc\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c0f\u5c0f\u5e74\u7eaa\u5c31\u80fd\u6307\u70b9\u6c5f\u5c71\uff0c\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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