{"id":6577,"date":"2018-05-07T21:16:14","date_gmt":"2018-05-07T13:16:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/?p=6577"},"modified":"2018-05-07T21:19:52","modified_gmt":"2018-05-07T13:19:52","slug":"%e8%bf%90%e7%bb%b4%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7salt%e7%ae%80%e6%98%8e%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/6577.html","title":{"rendered":"\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5de5\u5177Salt\u7b80\u660e\u5165\u95e8\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u914d\u7f6e<\/h1>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\ncurl -L https:\/\/bootstrap.saltstack.com -o bootstrap-salt.sh\r\nsudo sh bootstrap-salt.sh -M\r\n\r\n# \u542f\u52a8 master \u8282\u70b9\r\nsudo service salt-master start\r\n\r\n# \u542f\u52a8 minion \u8282\u70b9\r\nsudo service salt-minion start\r\n\r\n# \u67e5\u770b\u542f\u52a8\u65e5\u5fd7\r\nsudo tail -f \/var\/log\/salt\/minion\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>salt \u4f1a\u5728\u672c\u5730\u76d1\u542c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\uff1a 4505 \u548c 4506\u3002<\/p>\n<p>master\u901a\u8fc7 4505 \u7aef\u53e3\u5411\u6240\u6709 minion \u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\uff0cminion\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u540e\u518d\u901a\u8fc74506\u7aef\u53e3\u628a\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u56de\u7ed9master\uff0c\u901a\u8baf\u91c7\u7528ZeroMQ\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f7f\u7528msgpack\u538b\u7f29\u3002<\/p>\n<p>salt-minion \u4f1a\u5728\u672c\u673a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u8ddf master \u901a\u8baf\u7684 id\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728 \/etc\/salt\/minion_id \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u6210 id \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8c03\u7528 Python \u51fd\u6570 socket.getfqdn()<\/li>\n<li>\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6 \/etc\/hostname<\/li>\n<li>\u8bfb\u53d6 hosts \/etc\/hosts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u54ea\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0d\u662f localhost\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u505a id \u503c \uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5916\u7f51\u7684 ip \u5730\u5740\u505a\u4e3a id\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u53d6\u7684 ID \u5c06\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728 \/etc\/salt\/minion_id \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u624b\u52a8\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u540e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u8986\u76d6\u3002 \u4f46\u5982\u679c minion \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 \/etc\/salt\/minion \u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 id: xxxx\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a id \u503c\u5c06\u53d6\u4ee3 \/etc\/salt\/minion_id \u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684 ID \u6570\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>minion \u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u8ddf master \u901a\u8baf\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 \/etc\/salt\/minion \u4e2d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u6765\u6307\u5b9a master \u7684\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n# \u540e\u9762\u53ef\u586b hostname, ip, domain \u7b49\r\nmaster: saltmaster.example.com\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5728 master \u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 salt-key \u547d\u4ee4\u7ba1\u7406\u6240\u6709 minion \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u63a5\u53d7\u3001\u62d2\u7edd\u3001\u5220\u9664\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n# \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709 keys\r\nsalt-key -L\r\n# \u67e5\u770b\u5355\u4e00 \u7c7b\u578b\u7684key\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f  unaccepted \/ accepted \/ rejected \/ denied\r\nsalt-key -l unaccepted\r\n\r\n# \u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2akey\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\r\nsalt-key -a PUBLIC_KEY\r\n# \u63a5\u53d7\u6240\u6709key\r\nsalt-key -A\r\n\r\n# \u62d2\u7edd\u4e00\u4e2akey\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\r\nsalt-key -r PUBLIC_KEY\r\n# \u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709key\r\nsalt-key -R\r\n\r\n# \u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6307\u5b9akey\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u7eb9\u4e32\r\nsalt-key -f FINGER\r\n# \u83b7\u53d6 master \u8282\u70b9\u7684finger\r\nsalt-key -f master\r\n# \u6253\u5370\u6240\u6709 finger\r\nsalt-key -F\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cminion \u8ddf master \u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 id \u505a\u4e3a key\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728 master \u4e0a\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709 public keys \u65f6\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u662fid\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684id\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 finger print \u7684\u503c\u6765\u7cbe\u51c6\u6821\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 salt-key -F \u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u7684 local keys \u7ed3\u70b9\uff0c\u627e\u5230 master.pub \u503c<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n$ salt-key -F\r\nLocal Keys:\r\nmaster.pem:  2d:f0:d4:d4:ba:0f:a6:e6:3d:e1:6a:e2:90:53:50:cb:38:73:1d:b0:f6:09:e8:56:14:ea:57:d8:18:22:46:09\r\nmaster.pub:  5b:9d:77:12:d8:79:f9:23:12:87:9c:63:aa:47:c9:ff:31:36:b3:c5:00:ef:83:c0:fe:be:f7:29:de:15:d9:0a\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u590d\u5236\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u5728 minion \u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 \/etc\/salt\/minion \uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\nmaster_finger: '5b:9d:77:12:d8:79:f9:23:12:87:9c:63:aa:47:c9:ff:31:36:b3:c5:00:ef:83:c0:fe:be:f7:29:de:15:d9:0a'\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837 minion \u542f\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5224\u65ad\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684 master_finger \u503c\uff0c\u8ddf\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u7684 master \u4fe1\u606f\u6bd4\u5bf9\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6821\u9a8c\u51fa master \u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 master \u8282\u70b9\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u6765\u7684 minion \u8282\u70b9\u7684 finger \u503c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 finger \u6bd4\u5bf9\u800c\u4e0d\u662f key\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u52a0\u51c6\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n# \u5728minion\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684finger\r\nsalt-call key.finger --local\r\n\r\n# \u5728 master \u4e0a\u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e2aid\u7684minionr\u7684finger\r\nsudo salt-key -f ubuntu\r\n\r\n# \u6bd4\u5bf9\u8fc7finger\u6b63\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u5b83\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\r\nsudo salt-key -a ubuntu\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>minion\u4e0emaster\u6240\u6709key finger\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u76ee\u5f55 \/etc\/salt\/pki\/ \u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662fmaster\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 \/etc\/salt\/pki\/master\/ \u4e0b\u9762\u7684 minions\u3001minions_pre\u3001minions_rejected\u5206\u522b\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u63a5\u53d7\u3001\u5f85\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u5df2\u62d2\u7edd\u7684finger key\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86 minion \u4e0e master \u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6388\u6743\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 master \u4e0a\u9762\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6765\u6279\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c minion \u673a\u5668\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/h1>\n<p>salt \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\nsalt '&lt;target&gt;' &lt;function&gt; &#x5B;arguments]\r\n# \u5982\r\nsalt '*' pkg.install vim\r\n\r\n# \u666e\u901a (\u6309 minion-id \u8fc7\u6ee4)\r\nsalt '*.example.org' test.ping\r\n\r\n# \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe (regular expression)\r\nsalt -E 'virtmach&#x5B;0-9]' test.ping\r\n\r\n# \u5217\u8868 (list)\r\nsalt -L 'foo,bar,baz,quo' test.ping\r\n\r\n# \u6df7\u5408\u578b (combined)\r\nsalt -C 'G@os:Ubuntu and webser* or E@database.*' test.ping\r\n| Letter |  Match Type        | Example                             |\r\n| ------ | ------------------ | ---------------------------------- |\r\n| G      | Grains glob        | G@os:Ubuntu                         |\r\n| E      | \u6b63\u5219\u5339\u914d Minion ID  | E@web\\d+\\.(dev\\|qa\\|prod)\\.loc      |\r\n| P      | Grains \u6b63\u5219\u5339\u914d     | P@os:(RedHat\\|Fedora\\|CentOS)       |\r\n| L      | List of minions    | L@minion1,minion3 or bl*.domain.com |\r\n| I      | Pillar glob        | I@pdata:foobar                      |\r\n| S      | Subnet\/IP address  | S@192.168.1.0\/24 or S@192.168.1.100 |\r\n| R      | Range cluster      | R@%foo.bar                          |\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u6240\u6709 salt \u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u89c1\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\uff1ahttp:\/\/docs.saltstack.com\/en\/latest\/ref\/modules\/all\/<\/p>\n<p>\u7ba1\u7406\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\nsudo salt master.example cmd.run 'sleep 100'\r\n\r\n# \u8fd9\u65f6\u6253\u5f00\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2ashell\u67e5\uff0c\u770b\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\r\nsudo salt master.example saltutil.running\r\nmaster.example:\r\n    |_\r\n      ----------\r\n      arg:\r\n          - sleep 100\r\n      fun:\r\n          cmd.run\r\n      jid:\r\n          20180507025356063697\r\n      pid:\r\n          4818\r\n      ret:\r\n      tgt:\r\n          master.example\r\n      tgt_type:\r\n          glob\r\n      user:\r\n          sudo_vagrant\r\n\r\n# \u7ec8\u6b62\u6389\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\r\nsudo salt master.example saltutil.kill_job 20180507025356063697\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>salt-call\u7528\u4e8e\u5728minion\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u53d1\u9001\u5230master\u90a3\u91cc\u53bb\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0 &#8211;local \u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n# \u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc74506\u7aef\u53e3\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9master\r\nsudo salt-call sys.state_doc user.present\r\n\r\n# \u52a0\u4e86--local\u540e\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u7ed9master\r\n sudo salt-call --local test.ping\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>salt-run\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u5728master\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n# \u67e5\u770b\u54ea\u4e9bminion\u5904\u7406\u4e0a\u7ebf\u72b6\u6001\r\nsudo salt-run manage.up (manage.down \/ manage.status)\r\n\r\n# \u67e5\u770b\u5386\u53f2\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7684jobs\r\nsudo salt-run jobs.list_jobs\r\n\r\n# \u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9ajob\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5 \r\n$ sudo salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20180507113234037412\r\n\r\n# \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709runner\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u6863\r\n$ sudo salt-run doc.runner\r\n<\/pre>\n<h1>\u81ea\u5df1\u7f16\u5199state<\/h1>\n<p>\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 \/etc\/salt\/master.d\/\u4e0b\u9762\u65b0\u5efa\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6307\u5b9asalt\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n$ cat \/etc\/salt\/master.d\/file-roots.conf \r\nfile_roots:\r\n    base:\r\n    - \/srv\/salt\/file\/base\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u5728 \/srv\/salt\/file\/base \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u9762\u65b0\u5efa sls \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n$ cat user-wilma.sls \r\nuser_wilma:\r\n    user.present:\r\n      - name: wilma\r\n      - fullname: Wilma Flintstone\r\n      - uid: 2001\r\n      - home: \/home\/wilma\r\n<\/pre>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n# \u67e5\u770b\u5e76\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e00\u4e0bsls\u6587\u4ef6\r\nsudo salt master.example state.show_sls user-wilma\r\n\r\n# \u5e94\u7528state\r\nsudo salt minion2.example state.sls user-wilma\r\n\r\n# \u4e0a\u9762\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c\u8fd9\u6761\u8bed\u53e5\u4e00\u81f4\r\nsudo salt minion2.example state.single user.present \\\r\n    name=wilma fullname='Wilma Flintstone' uid=2001 home=\/home\/wilma\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>sls\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8include\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7528.\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\ntree \/srv\/salt\/file\/base\r\n\r\nroles\r\n    webserver\r\n        - init.sls\r\n        - packages.sls\r\n        - start.sls\r\nusers\r\n    - barney.sls\r\n    - fred.sls\r\n    - wilma.sls\r\n    - betty.sls\r\n    - dba.sls\r\n    - all.sls\r\nsites\r\n    - init.sls\r\n    src\r\n        - first.html\r\n- top.sls\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d users\/dba.sls \u53ef\u4ee5include\u5176\u5b83\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\ninclude:\r\n- users.wilma\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u76ee\u5f55 users \u4e0e \u6587\u4ef6\u540dwilma\u901a\u8fc7.\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 users\/all.sls<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\ninclude:\r\n- .wilma\r\n- .betty\r\n- .barney\r\n- .fred\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u9762\u6709\u4e2a init.sls\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\uff0c\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2ainit.sls\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\ninclude:\r\n- sites\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a top.sls \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53eb\u505a highstate\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u54ea\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807minion\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u54ea\u4e9bstate\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4 salt \\* state.highstate \u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a top.sls<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n$ cat top.sls \r\nbase:\r\n\r\n    'os:Ubuntu':\r\n       - match: grain\r\n       - default.vim\r\n\r\n    'os:CentOS':\r\n       - match: grain\r\n       - default.vim-enhanced\r\n\r\n    'minion1.example':\r\n       - roles.webserver\r\n       - sites\r\n\r\n    'minion2.example':\r\n       - users.dba\r\n\r\n    'minion3.example':\r\n       - users.dba\r\n       - users.qa\r\n\r\n    'minion4.example':\r\n       - users.all\r\n\r\n$ sudo salt minion1\\* state.highstate\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2asls\u6587\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u5176\u5b83state\u5148\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 require \u8bed\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\nroles_webserver_start:\r\n service.running:\r\n - name: nginx\r\n - require:\r\n   - pkg: nginx\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u76d1\u63a7\u5176\u5b83\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u518d\u6b21\u518d\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u5c31\u91cd\u65b0\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u76d1\u63a7\u4e00\u4e2ahtml\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8nginx\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n$ cat \/srv\/salt\/file\/base\/sites\/init.sls\r\nsites_first:\r\n file.managed:\r\n - name: \/usr\/share\/nginx\/html\/first.html\r\n - source: salt:\/\/sites\/src\/first.html\r\n - user: www\r\n - mode: 0644\r\n service.running:\r\n - name: nginx\r\n - watch:\r\n   - file: \/usr\/share\/nginx\/html\/first.html\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>sls\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49 order \u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u8be5sate\u6267\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210 1 \u6216 last<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n$ cat \/srv\/salt\/file\/base\/run_first.sls\r\nrun_first:\r\n cmd.run:\r\n - name: 'echo &quot;I am run first.&quot;'\r\n - order: 1\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff1afailhard\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728state\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 failhard=true \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2astate\u4e00\u65e6\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u6574\u4e2ahighstate\u6216\u5176\u540e\u7684state\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0bstate\uff0c\u4e0d\u60f3\u5728minion\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0 test=true\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n$ sudo salt minion1.example state.show_sls sites\r\n$ sudo salt minion1.example state.sls sites test=true\r\n\r\n$ sudo salt minion1.example state.show_highstate\r\n$ sudo salt minion\\* state.highstate test=true\r\n<\/pre>\n<h1>Grains\u548cPillar<\/h1>\n<p>grains\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5173\u4e8eminion\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662fminion\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e3b\u52a8\u4e0a\u62a5\u7ed9master\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n# \u67e5\u770b\u4e3b\u673a\u6709\u54ea\u4e9bgrains\u5c5e\u6027\r\n$ sudo salt master.example grains.ls\r\n\r\n# \u5217\u51faminion\u7684os\u548cip\u5c5e\u6027\r\n$ sudo salt \\* grains.item os ipv4 --out=text\r\n\r\n# \u7ed9minion\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2amyevn=prod\u7684grains\r\n$ sudo salt -E 'minion(1|2).*' grains.setval myenv prod\r\n# \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\r\n$ sudo salt 'minion1.*' grains.setval roles '&#x5B;webserver, appserver]'\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5728minion\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 grains.setval \u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684grains\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 \/etc\/salt\/grains\u91cc<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n&#x5B;vagrant@minion1 ~]$ sudo cat \/etc\/salt\/grains \r\nmyenv: prod\r\nroles:\r\n- webserver\r\n- appserver\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>grains\u662f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728minion\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u9759\u6001\u5c5e\u6027\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800cpillar\u5219\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u662f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728master\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u54ea\u4e9bminion\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u54ea\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cmaster\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230Pillar\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u6240\u6709minion\u53ef\u7528\u3002master\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49pillar_roots\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6307\u5b9apillar\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\npillar_roots:\r\n   base:\r\n    - \/srv\/salt\/pillar\/base\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u548cstate\u4e00\u6837\uff0cpillar\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u9762\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2atop.sls\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5165\u53e3\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u5305\u542b\u5176\u5b83sls\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n$ cat \/srv\/salt\/pillar\/base\/top.sls\r\nbase:\r\n '*':\r\n - default\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u7684default.sls\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n$ cat \/srv\/salt\/pillar\/base\/default.sls\r\n############IDC################\r\n{% if grains&#x5B;'ip_interfaces'].get('eth0')&#x5B;0].startswith('10.10') %}\r\nnameservers: &#x5B;'10.10.9.31','10.10.9.135']\r\nzabbixserver: &#x5B;'10.10.9.234']\r\n{% else %}\r\nnameservers: &#x5B;'10.20.9.75']\r\nzabbixserver: &#x5B;'10.20.9.234']\r\n{% endif %}\r\n\r\n######## nginx ########\r\nngx_home_dir: \/var\/cache\/nginx\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5728State\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5c06\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528Pillar\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5f15\u7528ngx_home_dir:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\nnginx:\r\n  pkg:\r\n    - installed\r\n  user.present:\r\n    - home: {{ pillar&#x5B;'ngx_home_dir'] }}\r\n<\/pre>\n<h1>\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757<\/h1>\n<p>\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u7f16\u5199py\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u653e\u5230 _modules \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55salt\u80fd\u591f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4e86\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: python; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n$ cat _modules\/hello.py \r\n\r\n#coding=utf-8\r\nimport logging\r\nlogger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\r\n\r\ndef id():\r\n    '''\r\n    \u8fd9\u662fdocstring\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\uff1a\r\n    sudo salt-call sys.doc hello.id\r\n    '''\r\n    id = __grains__&#x5B;'id']\r\n    logger.debug('Found grain id: {0}'.format(id))\r\n    return 'Hello, {0}.'.format(id)\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6a21\u5757\u5728master\u4e0a\u7f16\u5199\u597d\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u540c\u6b65\u5230minion\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5728minion\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u540c\u6b65\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u70b9\u5ef6\u8fdf\u624d\u80fd\u88absalt-minion\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n$ sudo salt \\* saltutil.sync_modules\r\n\r\n$ sudo salt \\* hello.id\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49states\u76f8\u5e94\u7684py\u6587\u4ef6\u653e\u5230 _states\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b name, changes, result, comment\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56db\u952e\u503c\u7684\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230 test=true\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u505a\u76f8\u5e94\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: python; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n$ cat _states\/custom.py \r\n\r\nimport os\r\nimport logging\r\n\r\ndef enforce_tmp(name, contents=None):\r\n    return_dict = {\r\n        'name': name,\r\n        'changes': {},\r\n        'result': False,\r\n        'comment': ''\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    # do your own stuff ... \r\n\r\n    # Check if this is a test run, if so do not change anything.\r\n    if __opts__&#x5B;'test'] == True:\r\n        logging.info('this is a test, skip changes...')\r\n    return_dict&#x5B;'result'] = True\r\n    return return_dict\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u63a5\u7740\u5728sls\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7528\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49state\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n$ cat custom.sls\r\n\r\ncustom_state:\r\n custom.enforce_tmp:\r\n - name: foo\r\n - contents: bar\r\n<\/pre>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n# \u5148\u540c\u6b65\r\n$ sudo salt \\* saltutil.sync_states\r\n\r\n$ sudo salt minion1.example state.sls custom test=true\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49module\u548cstates\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49grains\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u7528salt\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u65e6\u540c\u6b65\u5230minion\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0a\u62a5grains\u503c\u7ed9master\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49grains\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5 _ \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u90fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u5168\u5c40grains\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: python; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n$ cat _grains\/my_grains.py \r\n\r\n&quot;&quot;&quot;\r\nCustom grains for the example hosts.\r\n&quot;&quot;&quot;\r\nimport platform\r\nimport logging\r\nlogger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\r\n\r\ndef _get_hostname():\r\n    hostname = platform.node()\r\n    logger.debug('Using hostname: {0}'.format(hostname))\r\n    return hostname\r\n\r\ndef set_myenv():\r\n    &quot;&quot;&quot;\r\n    Set the 'myenv' grain based on the host name.\r\n    &quot;&quot;&quot;\r\n    grains = {}\r\n    hostname = _get_hostname()\r\n    if hostname.startswith('minion1'):\r\n        grains&#x5B;'myenv'] = 'prod'\r\n    elif hostname.startswith('minion2'):\r\n        grains&#x5B;'myenv'] = 'prod'\r\n    elif hostname.startswith('minion3'):\r\n        grains&#x5B;'myenv'] = 'stage'\r\n    elif hostname.startswith('minion4'):\r\n        grains&#x5B;'myenv'] = 'dev'\r\n    return grains\r\n\r\ndef set_roles():\r\n    &quot;&quot;&quot;\r\n    Set the 'roles&quot; grain based on the host name.\r\n    &quot;&quot;&quot;\r\n    grains = {}\r\n    hostname = _get_hostname()\r\n    if hostname.startswith('minion1'):\r\n        grains&#x5B;'roles'] = &#x5B;'webserver', 'appserver']\r\n    elif hostname.startswith('minion2'):\r\n        grains&#x5B;'roles'] = &#x5B;'database']\r\n    elif hostname.startswith('minion3'):\r\n        grains&#x5B;'roles'] = &#x5B;'webserver', 'appserver', 'database']\r\n    elif hostname.startswith('minion4'):\r\n        grains&#x5B;'roles'] = &#x5B;'webserver', 'appserver', 'database']\r\n    return grains\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u540c\u6b65\u540e\uff0c\u597d\u9762\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684grains\u65b9\u6cd5 set_myenv\u548cset_roles \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230 minion \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 \/etc\/salt\/grains \u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0a\u62a5\u7ed9master\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n# \u5148\u5220\u9664\u6389\u8001\u7684grains\r\n$ sudo salt \\* cmd.run 'rm \/etc\/salt\/grains'\r\n\r\n$ sudo salt \\* service.restart salt-minion\r\n\r\n$ sudo salt \\* saltutil.sync_grains\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3>\u53c2\u8003\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/freepdf-books.com\/salt-essentials-book\/\">\u300aSalt Essentials\u300b\u00a0<\/a><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u914d\u7f6e curl -L https:\/\/bootstrap.saltstack.com -o bootst [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tool_tutorial"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6577"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6577\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6579,"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6577\/revisions\/6579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6577"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kyle.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}